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| c. 1080 |
| | | Norman earls are given territories on the marches of Wales, with the specific task of raiding their neighbours | |
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| 1171 |
| | | The English king, Henry II, acknowledges Rhys ap Gruffydd as the lord of south Wales | |
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| c. 1200 |
| | | The longbow, a weapon of great use to English armies, is probably first developed in Wales | |
|  | Sketch of a Welsh archer still shown with a short bow, 13th century
National Archives, Kew
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| c. 1220 |
| | | Llewellyn ap Iorwerth acquires such authority over other Welsh chieftains that he is informally referred to as the prince of Wales | |
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| 1267 |
| | | In a treaty agreed at Shrewsbury, the English king Henry III acknowledges Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as the prince of Wales | |
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| 1282 |
| | | An uprising by Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, the prince of Wales, ends with his own death and the subjugation of Wales by the king of England, Edward I | |
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| 1283 |
| | | Edward I begins a series of powerful castles - Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy in this year alone - to subdue the Welsh | |
|  | Beaumaris Castle
Fotofile CG
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| 1301 |
| | | Edward I, conqueror of Wales, bestows the cherished title 'prince of Wales' on his own heir, the future Edward II | |
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| 1400 |
| | | The Welsh rise against the English and proclaim Owain Glyn Dwr as their own prince of Wales | |
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| 1402 |
| | | The 15-year-old Henry, prince of Wales and the future Henry V, takes personal command of the war against the Welsh | |
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